Safety and security of large language models in healthcare

Source: Nature.com· Jan Clusmann, Oscar Freyer, Max Ostermann, Dyke Ferber, Narmin Ghaffari Laleh, Lars Hilgers, Fiona R. Kolbinger, Carolin V. Schneider, Andrea Downing, Magdalena Katharina Wekenborg, Stephen Gilbert, Sebastian Foersch, Daniel Truhn, Isabella C. Wiest, Jakob Nikolas Kather· August 19, 2026
Safety and security of large language models in healthcare

The Review examines rapid LLM adoption in clinical care, outlining emerging security and safety risks across development stages, key protective layers, clinically relevant threats and current mitigation responsibilities in a single integrated framework.

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